>>190908This must be some kind of joke I don't understand. About it being divided and its lack of importance towards other regions, you must be confusing it with some diversity across the empire's map. The only thing you might be right about is the philosophy; they were guided solely by their metaphysics and generic political system of allowing other religions to coexist on their map if they were loyal to the sultan. They did not need any of the whims of philosophers; they were able to live well with their universal metaphysics, and that was enough. The history of the Hejaz Railway shows how united they were to their faith and the sultan, even when the empires was called as "Europe's sick man", receiving donations from the Muslim sphere of peasants and important bourgeoisie, from China, Russia, Egypt, and Morocco.(
https://www.thehejazrailway.com/paying-for-the-railway)
Well, it's simply difficult to classify as a failure an empire that lasted 600 years. Europe's sick man